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he would swear black was white

  • 1 white

    white [waɪt]
    to turn white (with fear, anger) pâlir ; [hair] blanchir
    2. noun
       a. blanc m
       b. White ( = person of White race) Blanc m Blanche f
    white goods plural noun ( = domestic appliances) appareils mpl ménagers
    white-haired adjective [person] aux cheveux blancs ; [animal] à poil blanc
    white-knuckle adjective ( = terrifying) terrifiant
    * * *
    [waɪt], US [hwaɪt] 1.
    1) (colour, part of egg, eye) blanc m
    2) (also White) ( Caucasian) Blanc/Blanche m/f
    3) ( wine) blanc m
    4) (in chess, draughts) blancs mpl
    2.
    whites plural noun

    tennis/chef's whites — tenue f de tennis/de chef-cuisinier

    3.
    1) blanc/blanche
    2) [race, child, skin] blanc/blanche; [area] habité par des Blancs; [culture, prejudice, fears] des Blancs

    a white man/woman — un Blanc/une Blanche

    3) ( pale) pâle ( with de)

    to go ou turn white — pâlir ( with de)

    ••

    the men in white coatshum les infirmiers psychiatriques

    whiter than white — plus blanc/blanche que neige

    English-French dictionary > white

  • 2 white

    white, US hwaIt ⇒ Colours
    A n
    1 ( colour) blanc m ; I like white j'aime le blanc ; in white en blanc ; a shade of white un ton de blanc ;
    2 (part of egg, eye) blanc m ; the whites of sb's eyes le blanc des yeux de qn ;
    3 ( also White) ( Caucasian) Blanc/Blanche m/f ;
    4 ( white ball) bille f blanche (de billard/snooker) ;
    5 ( wine) blanc m ;
    6 (in chess, draughts) blancs mpl ; I'll be white je prends les blancs ; white wins les blancs gagnent ;
    7 ( also White) Pol ( reactionary) Blanc/Blanche m/f.
    1 ( clothes) cricket/tennis/chef's whites tenue f de cricket/de tennis/de chef-cuisinier ;
    2 Med ( leucorrhoea) pertes fpl blanches.
    C adj
    1 [paint, tooth, flower, hair] blanc/blanche ; bright/cool white blanc éclatant/glacial inv ; to go ou turn white devenir blanc, blanchir ; to turn sth white faire blanchir qch ; to paint/colour sth white peindre/colorer qch en blanc ;
    2 ( Caucasian) [race, child, skin] blanc/blanche ; [area] habité par des Blancs ; [culture, prejudice, fears] des Blancs ; a white man/woman un Blanc/une Blanche ; an all-white jury un jury exclusivement composé de Blancs ;
    3 ( pale) [face, person, cheek] pâle (with de) ; to go ou turn white pâlir (with de).
    he would swear black was white il a l'esprit de contradiction ; the men in white coats hum les infirmiers psychiatriques ; two blacks don't make a white on n'efface pas un tort par un autre ; whiter than white [reputation, person] plus blanc/blanche que neige.
    white out:
    white out [sth], white [sth] out effacer [qch] (avec du blanc).

    Big English-French dictionary > white

  • 3 White

    [waɪt] [AE hwaɪt] 1.
    1) bianco; [person, face] bianco, pallido

    to paint sth. white — pitturare qcs. di bianco

    to go o turn white — diventare bianco; [ person] sbiancare, impallidire ( with per)

    2) (Caucasian) [race, child, skin] bianco; [ area] abitato da bianchi; [culture, prejudice] dei bianchi

    a white man, woman — un (uomo) bianco, una (donna) bianca

    2.
    1) (colour) bianco m.
    2) (part of egg) bianco m., chiara f.; (part of eye) bianco m.
    3) (anche White) (person) bianco m. (-a)
    4) (wine) (vino) bianco m.
    5) (in chess, draughts) bianco m., bianchi m.pl.; (in snooker, pool) (palla) bianca f.
    3.
    nome plurale whites

    cricket, tennis whites — tenuta da cricket, completo bianco da tennis

    ••
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) (of the colour of the paper on which these words are printed: The bride wore a white dress.) bianco
    2) (having light-coloured skin, through being of European etc descent: the first white man to explore Africa.) bianco
    3) (abnormally pale, because of fear, illness etc: He went white with shock.) bianco, pallido
    4) (with milk in it: A white coffee, please.) macchiato
    2. noun
    1) (the colour of the paper on which these words are printed: White and black are opposites.) bianco
    2) (a white-skinned person: racial trouble between blacks and whites.) bianco
    3) ((also egg-white) the clear fluid in an egg, surrounding the yolk: This recipe tells you to separate the yolks from the whites.) bianco, albume
    4) ((of an eye) the white part surrounding the pupil and iris: The whites of her eyes are bloodshot.) bianco
    - whiteness
    - whitening
    - whitish
    - white-collar
    - white elephant
    - white horse
    - white-hot
    - white lie
    - whitewash
    3. verb
    (to cover with whitewash.) imbiancare, (dare il bianco)
    - white wine
    * * *
    (Surnames) White /waɪt, USA hw-/
    * * *
    [waɪt] [AE hwaɪt] 1.
    1) bianco; [person, face] bianco, pallido

    to paint sth. white — pitturare qcs. di bianco

    to go o turn white — diventare bianco; [ person] sbiancare, impallidire ( with per)

    2) (Caucasian) [race, child, skin] bianco; [ area] abitato da bianchi; [culture, prejudice] dei bianchi

    a white man, woman — un (uomo) bianco, una (donna) bianca

    2.
    1) (colour) bianco m.
    2) (part of egg) bianco m., chiara f.; (part of eye) bianco m.
    3) (anche White) (person) bianco m. (-a)
    4) (wine) (vino) bianco m.
    5) (in chess, draughts) bianco m., bianchi m.pl.; (in snooker, pool) (palla) bianca f.
    3.
    nome plurale whites

    cricket, tennis whites — tenuta da cricket, completo bianco da tennis

    ••

    English-Italian dictionary > White

  • 4 swear

    1. [sweə] n разг.
    1. 1) клятва; божба
    2) присяга
    3) принятие присяги
    2. редк. ругательство; сквернословие
    2. [sweə] v (swore; sworn)
    1. клясться

    to swear to do smth. - поклясться /торжественно обещать/ сделать что-л.

    he swore to say nothing /that he would say nothing/ - он поклялся /побожился/ ничего не говорить /что ничего не скажет/

    to swear an oath - давать клятву, клясться [см. тж. 5]

    he had sworn a solemn oath to return - он дал торжественную клятву /торжественно обещал/ вернуться

    to swear friendship [eternal fidelity] - клясться в дружбе [в вечной верности]

    to swear by smth., smb. - клясться чем-л., кем-л.

    I swear by Jupiter [by Almighty God, by all that is holy] - клянусь Юпитером [всемогущим богом, всем святым]

    I swear he's right - клянусь, он прав

    I would swear he was there - я готов побожиться, что он там был

    2. (by) молиться на кого-л.; безгранично верить кому-л. или во что-л.

    he swears by quinine for fever - он рекомендует принимать хинин от малярии

    take these tablets if you feel run down, I swear by them - принимайте эти таблетки, если почувствуете слабость, мне они всегда помогают

    3. 1) (обыкн. to) заставлять поклясться

    to swear smb. to secrecy - взять с кого-л. клятву хранить тайну

    2) приводить к присяге

    to swear a witness [a jury] - привести свидетеля [присяжных] к присяге

    the judges were sworn into office - судей привели к присяге при вступлении в должность

    4. 1) юр. показывать, давать показания под присягой

    to swear to smth. - показывать что-л. под присягой

    will you swear to it that you were not there? - вы можете показать под присягой, что вас там не было?

    to swear an accusation /a charge/ against smb. - подтвердить обвинение кого-л. под присягой

    the affidavit should be sworn to before a notary public - письменное показание должно быть дано под присягой у нотариуса

    2) присягать, принимать присягу

    to swear allegiance - присягнуть на верность /в верности/

    5. ругаться; богохульствовать; сквернословить

    to swear an oath - выругаться [см. тж. 1]

    to swear at smb. - (об)ругать кого-л.

    to swear like a fishwife /like a lord, like a sailor, like a trooper, like blazes/ - ≅ ругаться как извозчик; ругаться на чём свет стоит

    to swear black is white - уверять /утверждать/, что черное - это белое

    to swear oneself blue in the face - ≅ клясться или ругаться до хрипоты

    it is enough to make smb. swear - это кого угодно выведет из себя

    (not) enough to swear by - немного; ≅ кот наплакал

    НБАРС > swear

  • 5 swear

    swɛə
    1. сущ.;
    разг.
    1) зарок, клятва Syn: oath, vow
    2) богохульство;
    ругательство Syn: blasphemy, curse
    2. гл.
    1) клясться;
    присягать to swear on the Bible ≈ клясться на Библии They swore allegiance to the government. ≈ Они поклялись в верности правительству.
    2) а) давать показания под присягой б) заставлять поклясться( to - в чем-л.) ;
    приводить к присяге (тж. swear in)
    3) ругаться;
    ругать( at - кого-л.) ;
    богохульствовать to swear like a trooper ≈ ругаться как извозчик Don't swear at me, if you please! ≈ Будь добр, не ругайся на меня! ∙ swear by swear in swear off swear to( not) enough to swear by ≈ кот наплакал;
    незначительное количество( разговорное) клятва;
    божба( разговорное) присяга;
    принятие присяги( редкое) ругательство;
    сквернословие клясться - to * to do smth. поклясться /торжественно обещать/ сделать что-л. - he swore to say nothing /that he would say nothing/ он поклялся /побожился/ ничего не говорить /что ничего не скажет/ - to * an oath давать клятву, клясться - he had sworn a solemn oath to return он дал торжественную клятву /торжественно обещал/ вернуться - to * friendship клясться в дружбе - to * by smth., smb. клясться чем-л., кем-л. - I * by Jupiter клянусь Юпитером - he swore by all the gods он призывал всех богов в свидетели - to * on the Bible (по) клясться на библии - I * he's right клянусь, он прав - I would * he was there я готов побожиться, что он там был (by) молиться на кого-л.;
    безгранично верить кому-л. или во что-л. - he *s by this doctor он молится на этого врача - he *s by quinine for fever он рекомендует принимать хинин от малярии - take these tablets if you feel run down, I * by them принимайте эти таблетки, если почувствуете слабость, мне они всегда помогают (обыкн. to) заставлять поклясться - to * smb. to secrecy взять с кого-л. клятву хранить тайну приводить к присяге - to * a witness привести свидетеля к присяге - the judges were sworn into office судей привели к присяге при вступлении в должность (юридическое) показывать, давать показания под присягой - to * to smth. показывать что-л. под присягой - will you * to it that you were not there? вы можете показать под присягой, что вас там не было? - to * an accusaion /a charge/ against smb. подвердить обвинение кого-л. под присягой - the affidavit should be sworn to before a notary public письменное показание должно быть дано под присягой у нотариуса присягать, принимать присягу - to * allegiance присягнуть на верность /в верности/ ругаться;
    богохульствовать;
    сквернословить - to * an oath выругаться - he swore under his breath он тихо выругался - he swore a profane oath он крепко выругался - to * at smb. (об) ругать кого-л. - to * like a fishwife /like a lord, like a sailor, like a trooper, like blazes/ ругаться как извозчик;
    ругаться на чем свет стоит > to * black is white уверять /утверждать/, что черное - это белое > to * oneself blue in the face клясться или ругаться до хрипоты > it is enough to make smb. * это кого угодно выведет из себя > (not) enough to * by немного;
    кот наплакал > these two colours * at each other эти два цвета не сочетаются приводить к присяге при вступлении в должность - he was elected but not yet sworn in он избран, но еще не вступил в должность - the defence councel objected to the jury so that a new one had to be sworn in защитник отвел присяжных, и пришлось привести к присяге их новый состав it is enough to make (smb.) ~ этого достаточно, чтобы вывести( кого-л.) из себя;
    (not) enough to swear by = кот наплакал;
    незначительное количество ~ by разг. постоянно обращаться( к чему-л.), рекомендовать( что-л.) ;
    безгранично верить (чему-л.) ;
    he swears by quinine for malaria он очень рекомендует принимать хинин от малярии it is enough to make (smb.) ~ этого достаточно, чтобы вывести ( кого-л.) из себя;
    (not) enough to swear by = кот наплакал;
    незначительное количество ~ давать показания под присягой;
    to swear a charge (или accusation) (against smb.) подтвердить обвинение (кого-л.) присягой to ~ a person to secrecy (fact) заставить( кого-л.) поклясться в сохранении тайны (в правильности факта) ;
    to swear (in) a witness привести свидетеля к присяге to ~ a person to secrecy (fact) заставить (кого-л.) поклясться в сохранении тайны (в правильности факта) ;
    to swear (in) a witness привести свидетеля к присяге ~ (swore, уст. sware;
    sworn) клясться;
    присягать;
    to swear an oath давать клятву;
    to swear allegiance клясться в верности ~ (swore, уст. sware;
    sworn) клясться;
    присягать;
    to swear an oath давать клятву;
    to swear allegiance клясться в верности ~ by клясться (чем-л.) ~ by разг. постоянно обращаться (к чему-л.), рекомендовать (что-л.) ;
    безгранично верить (чему-л.) ;
    he swears by quinine for malaria он очень рекомендует принимать хинин от малярии ~ in приводить к присяге ~ in приводить к присяге при вступлении в должность;
    swear off разг. давать зарок;
    to swear off drink дать зарок не пить;
    swear to утверждать под присягой ~ in приводить к присяге при вступлении в должность;
    swear off разг. давать зарок;
    to swear off drink дать зарок не пить;
    swear to утверждать под присягой ~ in приводить к присяге при вступлении в должность;
    swear off разг. давать зарок;
    to swear off drink дать зарок не пить;
    swear to утверждать под присягой ~ on oath давать показания под присягой ~ in приводить к присяге при вступлении в должность;
    swear off разг. давать зарок;
    to swear off drink дать зарок не пить;
    swear to утверждать под присягой ~ to приводить к присяге

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > swear

  • 6 like

    Ⅰ.
    like1 [laɪk]
    (a) (find pleasant) aimer (bien);
    I like him je l'aime bien, il me plaît bien;
    I like her, but I don't love her je l'aime bien, mais je ne suis pas amoureux d'elle;
    I don't like him je ne l'aime pas beaucoup, il ne me plaît pas;
    I like Elaine better than Simon j'aime mieux Elaine que Simon;
    I like Sally best c'est Sally que je préfère;
    what do you like about him? qu'est-ce qui te plaît chez lui?;
    do you like coffee? est-ce que tu aimes le café?;
    these plants don't like direct sunlight ces plantes ne supportent pas l'exposition directe à la lumière du soleil;
    humorous I like curry but it doesn't like me! j'aime le curry mais ça ne me réussit pas tellement!
    (b) (enjoy) aimer;
    he likes school il aime l'école;
    to like doing or to do sth aimer faire qch;
    I like dancing or to dance j'aime danser;
    I like spending or to spend my weekends at home j'aime passer mes week-ends à la maison;
    I don't like being shouted at je n'aime pas qu'on me crie dessus;
    he doesn't like people talking about it il n'aime pas qu'on en parle;
    how would HE like being kept waiting in the rain? ça lui plairait, à lui, qu'on le fasse attendre sous la pluie?
    (c) (approve of) aimer;
    I like people to be frank with me j'aime qu'on soit franc avec moi;
    if he doesn't like it he can go elsewhere si ça ne lui plaît pas il peut aller ailleurs;
    I don't like you swearing, I don't like it when you swear je n'aime pas que tu dises des gros mots;
    they're not going to like it! ça ne va pas leur plaire!;
    whether you like it or not! que ça te plaise ou non!;
    ironic well, I like that! ça, c'est le bouquet!;
    ironic I like the way you say "don't worry" "ne t'inquiète pas", c'est facile à dire
    (d) (want, wish) aimer, vouloir;
    I'd like some tea je prendrais bien une tasse de thé;
    take any dress you like prends la robe que tu veux ou qui te plaît;
    as much as you like tant que vous voudrez;
    do what you like fais ce que tu veux ou ce qui te plaît;
    he thinks he can do anything he likes il se croit tout permis;
    she is free to do as she likes elle est libre d'agir à sa guise ou de faire comme il lui plaira;
    as you like comme vous voudrez;
    what I'd like to know is where he got the money from ce que je voudrais savoir, c'est où il a obtenu cet argent;
    come whenever you like venez quand vous voulez;
    I didn't like to say anything, but... je ne voulais rien dire mais...;
    I'd like nothing better than a hot bath il n'y a rien qui me ferait autant plaisir qu'un bon bain chaud;
    I'd like your opinion on this wine j'aimerais savoir ce que tu penses de ce vin;
    I would or I'd like to go out tonight j'aimerais (bien) sortir ce soir
    (e) (in polite offers, requests)
    would you like to go out tonight? ça te dirait de ou tu as envie de sortir ce soir?;
    would you like tea or coffee? voulez-vous du thé ou du café?;
    would you like to leave a message? voulez-vous laisser un message?;
    would you like me to do it for you? veux-tu que je le fasse à ta place?;
    I'd like to speak to Mr Smith, please je voudrais parler à M. Smith, s'il vous plaît;
    I'd like the soup followed by a salad je prendrai la soupe puis une salade;
    I'd like my steak rare, please je voudrais mon steak saignant, s'il vous plaît
    how do you like my jacket? comment trouves-tu ma veste?;
    how would you like a trip to Paris? ça te dirait d'aller à Paris?
    how do you like your coffee, black or white? vous prenez votre café noir ou avec du lait?
    I like to be in bed by 10 p.m. j'aime être couché pour 10 heures;
    one doesn't like to interrupt c'est toujours délicat d'interrompre quelqu'un
    (preferences) goûts mpl;
    try to discover their likes and dislikes essayez de découvrir ce qu'ils aiment et ce qu'ils n'aiment pas
    I can do it, if you like je peux le faire, si tu veux;
    I'll get lunch, shall I? - if you like je vais chercher de quoi manger, d'accord? - si tu veux
    (b) (as it were) si tu veux;
    it was a surprise, a shock, if you like ça m'a surpris, choqué si tu veux
    like it or not, we're heading for a confrontation qu'on le veuille ou non, nous ne pouvons éviter une confrontation
    Ⅱ.
    like2 [laɪk]
    (a) (similar to) comme;
    to be like sb/sth être semblable à qn/à qch, ressembler à qn/à qch;
    there's a car like ours voilà une voiture comme la nôtre;
    their house is a bit like ours leur maison est un peu comme la nôtre;
    there's no place like home rien ne vaut son chez-soi;
    we're like sisters nous sommes comme des sœurs;
    she's nothing like her sister elle ne ressemble pas du tout à sa sœur;
    he was like a father to me il a été comme un père pour moi;
    he talks like his father il parle comme son père;
    it's shaped like an egg ça a la forme d'un œuf;
    it tastes a bit like celery ça a un peu le goût de céleri;
    do you have any more like this? en avez-vous d'autres?;
    I want to find one just like it je veux trouver le/la même;
    there's nothing like it il n'y a rien de mieux;
    it seemed like hours c'était comme si des heures entières s'étaient écoulées;
    it looks like rain on dirait qu'il va pleuvoir
    what's your new boss like? comment est ton nouveau patron?;
    what's the weather like? quel temps fait-il?;
    what does it taste like? quel goût ça a?;
    what was it like? c'était comment?
    (c) (such as) comme;
    in a family like ours dans une famille comme la nôtre;
    I've had enough of people like him! j'en ai assez des gens comme lui!;
    it makes me angry to hear things like that ça me met en colère d'entendre des choses pareilles;
    cities like Toronto and Ottawa des villes comme Toronto et Ottawa;
    I'm useless at things like sewing je ne suis bon à rien quand il s'agit de couture et de choses comme ça
    you know what she's like vous savez comme elle est;
    kids are like that, what do you expect? les gosses sont comme ça, qu'est-ce que tu veux!;
    it's not like him to be rude ça ne lui ressemble pas ou ce n'est pas son genre d'être impoli;
    it's just like him not to show up! c'est bien son style ou c'est bien de lui de ne pas venir!;
    familiar be like that then! tant pis pour toi!;
    familiar don't be like that, he didn't mean what he said ne le prends pas mal, ce n'est pas ce qu'il voulait dire ;
    that's just like a man! c'est typiquement masculin!;
    like father like son tel père, tel fils
    I think like you je pense comme vous;
    you're acting like a fool tu te comportes comme un imbécile;
    they chattered like monkeys ils ont bavardé comme de vraies pipelettes;
    to speak French like a native parler français comme un natif;
    we, like everyone else, were forced to queue all night nous avons dû faire la queue toute la nuit, comme tout le monde;
    do it like this/that voici/voilà comment il faut faire;
    like so comme ça;
    sorry to interrupt you like this désolé de t'interrompre comme ça;
    don't talk to me like that! ne me parle pas sur ce ton!
    it cost something like £200 ça a coûté dans les 200 livres;
    we don't have anything like as many people as we need on est loin d'avoir tout le monde qu'il nous faut;
    it will cost more like £20 ça coûtera plutôt dans les 20 livres;
    it was more like midnight when we got home il était plus près de minuit quand nous sommes arrivés à la maison;
    that's more like it! voilà qui est mieux!;
    she is nothing like as intelligent as you elle est loin d'être aussi intelligente que vous;
    familiar he ran like anything or like hell or like blazes il a couru comme un dératé ou comme s'il avait le feu aux fesses
    we were treated in like manner on nous a traités de la même façon;
    they are of like temperament ils ont le même tempérament;
    Mathematics like terms/quantities termes mpl/quantités fpl semblables
    (a) (as) comme ;
    like I was saying comme je disais;
    they don't make them like they used to! ils/elles ne sont plus ce qu'ils/elles étaient!;
    I wish I could dance like you! j'aimerais bien pouvoir danser comme toi!;
    it was just like in the films c'était exactement comme au cinéma;
    tell it like it is dis les choses comme elles sont
    (b) (as if) comme si ;
    he acted like he was in charge il se comportait comme si c'était lui le chef;
    she felt like she wanted to cry elle avait l'impression qu'elle allait pleurer;
    he looked like he'd seen a ghost on aurait dit qu'il avait vu un fantôme
    familiar (in conversation, reported speech)
    I was hungry, like, so I went into this café j'avais faim, tu vois, alors je suis entré dans un café;
    there were like three thousand people there il devait y avoir environ trois mille personnes ;
    I was busy, like, that's why I didn't call you j'étais occupé, c'est pour ça que je t'ai pas appelé, tu comprends?;
    he just came up behind me, like il s'est approché de moi par derrière ;
    I was like "no way" alors je lui ai fait "pas question";
    so he was like "in your dreams, pal!" alors il a dit "c'est ça, compte là-dessus mon vieux!"
    5 noun
    he and his like lui et ses semblables;
    like attracts like qui se ressemble s'assemble;
    you can only compare like with like on ne peut comparer que ce qui est comparable;
    to give or to return like for like rendre la pareille;
    she goes in for shiatzu, yoga and the like elle fait du shiatsu, du yoga et d'autres choses comme ça;
    I've never seen the like of it! je n'ai jamais rien vu de pareil!;
    he was a president the like or likes of which we will probably never see again c'était un président comme on n'en verra probablement plus jamais
    the likes of us/them/ etc les gens comme nous/eux/ etc;
    it's not for the likes of us ça n'est pas pour les gens comme nous
    7 like enough, like as not adverb
    British familiar probablement ;
    he's still at the office, like enough il y a des chances qu'il soit encore au bureau;
    like enough, she hasn't even read it yet elle ne l'a probablement même pas encore lu

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > like

  • 7 sobre

    prep.
    1 on, above, on top of, onto.
    Un libro sobre el cáncer de pulmón A book on lung cancer...
    2 on, about, over, referring to.
    3 on.
    Un libro sobre el cáncer de pulmón A book on lung cancer...
    m.
    envelope.
    pres.subj.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) Present Subjunctive of Spanish verb: sobrar.
    * * *
    1 (encima) on, upon, on top of
    2 (por encima) over, above
    3 (acerca de) about, on
    4 (alrededor de) about, around
    1 (de correo) envelope
    2 (de sopa etc) packet
    \
    irse al sobre familiar to hit the sack
    sobre manera exceedingly
    sobre todo above all, especially
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. prep.
    1) on, upon, on top of
    2) over
    * * *
    I
    SM
    1) [para cartas] envelope

    sobre de paga, sobre de pago — pay packet

    2) ** (=cama) bed

    meterse en el sobreto hit the sack *, hit the hay *

    3) LAm (=cartera) handbag
    II
    PREP
    1) (=encima de) on

    tengo que estar sobre él para que lo haga — I have to stand over him to make him do it, I have to keep a constant watch over him to make sure he does it

    2) (=por encima de)
    a) [+ lugar] over
    b) [con cantidades] above

    500 metros sobre el nivel del mar500 metres o (EEUU) meters above sea level

    3) [indicando superioridad] over
    4) [indicando proporción] out of, in

    tres sobre cien — three out of every hundred, three in a hundred

    cuatro personas sobre diez no votarían — four out of ten people would not vote, four in every ten people would not vote

    5) (Econ) on
    6) (=aproximadamente) about

    ocupa sobre 20 páginas — it fills about 20 pages, it occupies roughly 20 pages

    7) (=acerca de) about, on
    8) (=además de) in addition to, on top of
    9)

    sobre todo(=en primer lugar) above all; (=especialmente) especially

    sobre todo, no perdamos la calma — above all, let's keep calm

    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (Corresp) envelope

    sobre aéreo or (de) vía aérea — airmail envelope

    b) ( envase)

    un sobre de sopaa package of soup (AmE), a packet of soup (BrE)

    2) (AmL) ( cartera) clutch bag
    II
    b) ( sin contacto) over

    4.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar — 4,000 meters above sea level

    estar sobre alguien — ( vigilar) to check up on somebody

    c) ( alrededor de) on
    3)
    a) (en relaciones de efecto, derivación, etc) on
    b) (Com, Fin) on

    un incremento del 11% sobre los precios del año pasado — an increase of 11% on o over last year's prices

    4) ( acerca de) on

    legislación sobre impuestos — tax legislation, legislation on taxes

    escribió sobre el espinoso tema de... — she wrote on o about the thorny topic of...

    5) (Esp) (con cantidades, fechas, horas) around, about (BrE)

    sobre unos 70 kilosaround o about 70 kilos

    6)
    * * *
    I
    1)
    a) (Corresp) envelope

    sobre aéreo or (de) vía aérea — airmail envelope

    b) ( envase)

    un sobre de sopaa package of soup (AmE), a packet of soup (BrE)

    2) (AmL) ( cartera) clutch bag
    II
    b) ( sin contacto) over

    4.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar — 4,000 meters above sea level

    estar sobre alguien — ( vigilar) to check up on somebody

    c) ( alrededor de) on
    3)
    a) (en relaciones de efecto, derivación, etc) on
    b) (Com, Fin) on

    un incremento del 11% sobre los precios del año pasado — an increase of 11% on o over last year's prices

    4) ( acerca de) on

    legislación sobre impuestos — tax legislation, legislation on taxes

    escribió sobre el espinoso tema de... — she wrote on o about the thorny topic of...

    5) (Esp) (con cantidades, fechas, horas) around, about (BrE)

    sobre unos 70 kilosaround o about 70 kilos

    6)
    * * *
    sobre1

    Ex: A jacket or sleeve is a protective envelope for a sound disc, made of cardboard or paper.

    * licencia en sobre hermético = shrink-wrap licence [shrinkwrap licence], shrink-wrapped licence [shrinkwrapped licence].
    * poner la dirección en un sobre = address + envelope.
    * sobre acolchado = jiffy bag.
    * sobre acolchado con burbujas de plástico = bubble bag.
    * sobre para el control del préstamo = slip holder pocket.
    * sopa de sobre = instant soup, packet soup.

    sobre2
    = about, on, on top of, onto, over, surrounding, the way in which, upon, atop.

    Ex: His report contains sufficient information about a set of events and the people involved to allow for careful, systematic investigation.

    Ex: Efforts are being made in the direction of an international consensus on the definition and treatment of corporate authorship.
    Ex: Cards are superimposed, one on top of another, and carefully aligned.
    Ex: When one is in place, the depression of a lever causes it to be photographed onto the next blank space.
    Ex: The conventional name of a government is the geographic name of the area over which the government has jurisdiction.
    Ex: This section, then, will review the basic problems surrounding the choice of form of headings for persons.
    Ex: Recommendations relating to analytical cataloguing practices concern themselves primarily with the way in which the part of a document or work to be accessed is described.
    Ex: Taube's original system relied upon 'uniterms' or one concept terms.
    Ex: In Paris, the liberty cap atop the pike became an important icon aimed against the fading tyranny of the ancien regime.
    * sobre ascuas = in suspense.
    * sobre base de arena = sand-based.
    * sobre + Cantidad = around + Cantidad.
    * sobre disco = ondisc.
    * sobre el automóvil = automotive.
    * sobre ello = thereupon [thereon].
    * sobre el papel = in intent, nominally.
    * sobre el que se están haciendo averiguaciones = under investigation.
    * sobre el terreno = on the ground.
    * sobre esta base = on this basis, on that basis.
    * a partir de esto = on that basis.
    * sobre forro de tela = cloth-backed.
    * sobre la base de = in relation to, on the usual basis.
    * sobre la comedia = comedic.
    * sobre la marcha = on-the-fly, off the top of + Posesivo + head, right off the bat, spur-of-the-moment, on the spur of the moment, while-you-wait [while-u-wait], straight away, as you go, right away, at once.
    * sobre la superficie = above ground.
    * sobre la tierra = on earth, on the face of the earth, on the ground.
    * sobre los glaciares = glaciological.
    * sobre museos = museum-based.
    * sobre ruedas = on wheels, roll-out, without a hitch.
    * sobre suelo firme = on firm footing.
    * sobre todas las cosas = above all things.
    * sobre todo = above all, above everything else, overwhelmingly, in particular, above all things.
    * Verbo + sobre todo = Verbo + the most.
    * y sobre todo = and worst of all.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Corresp) envelope
    sobre aéreo or (de) vía aérea airmail envelope
    sobre de ventanilla window envelope
    2
    (envase): un sobre de sopa a package of soup ( AmE), a packet of soup ( BrE)
    un sobre or sobrecito de vitamina C a pack of Vitamin C ( AmE), a sachet of Vitamin C ( BrE)
    B ( arg)
    (cama): el sobre the sack ( colloq)
    irse al sobre to hit the sack o the hay ( colloq)
    C ( AmL) (cartera) clutch bag
    1
    (cuando hay contacto): lo dejé sobre la mesa I left it on the table
    los fue poniendo uno sobre otro she placed them one on top of the other
    vestía chaqueta a or de cuadros sobre una camisa blanca he wore a checked jacket over a white shirt
    letras en azul sobre un fondo blanco blue letters on o upon a white background
    la lluvia que cayó sobre Quito the rain that fell on Quito
    la población está sobre el Paraná the town is on the Paraná river
    se abalanzaron sobre él they leapt on him
    estamos sobre su pista we're on their trail
    volaremos sobre Santiago we shall be flying over Santiago
    se inclinó sobre su lecho de enfermo she leaned o bent over his sick bed
    en el techo justo sobre la mesa on the ceiling right above o over the table
    4.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar 4,000 meters above sea level
    estar sobre algn to check up on sb
    está constantemente sobre ella para que estudie he has to keep checking up on her to make sure she studies
    gira sobre su eje it spins on its axis
    4 ( Mat):
    X/y (en ecuaciones) (read as: x sobre y) X/y (léase: x over y)
    18/20 (calificación) (read as: 18 sobre 20) 18/20 (léase: 18 out of 20)
    B
    (en relaciones de jerarquía): sobre estos representantes tenemos al jefe de zona above these representatives we have the area head
    su victoria sobre el equipo local their victory over the local team
    amar a Dios sobre todas las cosas love God above all else
    C
    1 (en relaciones de efecto, derivación, etc) on
    han tenido mucha influencia sobre él they have had a great influence on him
    una opereta sobre libreto de Sierra an operetta with libretto by Sierra
    2 ( Com, Fin) on
    un incremento del 11% sobre los precios del año pasado an increase of 11% on o over last year's prices
    la hipoteca que pesa sobre la casa the mortgage on the house
    prestan dinero sobre alhajas they lend money on jewelry
    cheque sobre Buenos Aires check payable in Buenos Aires
    cheque girado sobre el Banco de Córdoba check drawn on the Banco de Córdoba
    legislación sobre impuestos tax legislation, legislation on taxes
    existen muchos libros sobre el tema there are many books on the subject
    escribió sobre el espinoso tema de … she wrote on o about the thorny topic of …
    E
    1
    (próximo a): el ejército está sobre la ciudad the army is at the gates of the city
    llegué muy sobre la hora ( AmS); I only arrived a short time beforehand
    2 ( Esp) (con cantidades, fechas, horas) around, about ( BrE)
    debe pesar sobre los 70 kilos he must weigh around o about 70 kilos
    F
    sobre todo above all
    tuvo mucho éxito, sobre todo entre la juventud it was very successful, above all o particularly o especially among young people
    aumentan las presiones políticas, sociales y, sobre todo, económicas the political, social and, above all, economic pressures are growing
    * * *

     

    Del verbo sobrar: ( conjugate sobrar)

    sobré es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) pretérito indicativo

    sobre es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente subjuntivo

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) imperativo

    Multiple Entries:
    sobrar    
    sobre    
    sobre-
    sobrar ( conjugate sobrar) verbo intransitivo
    a) (quedar, restar):


    ¿te ha sobrado dinero? do you have any money left?

    ya veo que sobro aquí I can see I'm not wanted/needed here;

    a mí no me sobra el dinero I don't have money to throw around (colloq);
    sobra un cubierto there's an extra place
    sobre sustantivo masculino
    1 (Corresp) envelope
    2 (AmL) ( cartera) clutch bag
    ■ preposición
    1 ( indicando posición)
    a) ( encima de) on;


    los puso uno sobre otro she placed them one on top of the other;
    estamos sobre su pista we're on their trail


    en el techo, justo sobre la mesa on the ceiling right above o over the table;
    4.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar 4,000 meters above sea level
    c) ( alrededor de) on;


    2 ( en relaciones de jerarquía):

    3 ( acerca de) on;
    hay muchos libros sobre el tema there are many books on o about the subject

    4 (Esp) (con cantidades, fechas, horas) around, about (BrE);
    sobre unos 70 kilos around o about 70 kilos

    5

    sobrar verbo intransitivo
    1 (quedar) to be left (over): si sobra tela hago un cojín, if there's any fabric left, I'll make a cushion
    2 (haber en exceso) to be more than enough: nos sobra espacio para ponerlo, we have plenty of room to put it
    3 (estar de más, ser innecesario) su marido sobraba en aquella reunión, her husband wasn't wanted at that meeting
    sobran las disculpas, there is no need for you to apologize
    sobre 1 sustantivo masculino
    1 (para meter papeles, cartas) envelope
    2 (para sopa) packet
    (para medicina, etc) sachet
    3 fam hum bed
    ir al sobre, to go to bed
    sobre 2 preposición
    1 (encima de) on, upon, on top of: se puso un chal sobre los hombros, she put a shawl over her shoulders
    toda la responsabilidad recae sobre él, the entire responsibility falls on him
    2 (por encima) over, above
    3 (en torno a, hacia) about: llamaron sobre las seis, they phoned at about six o'clock
    4 (a propósito de) about, on: hablaremos sobre ello, we'll talk about it
    un libro sobre Napoleón, a book on Napoleón
    5 (además de) upon
    6 (para indicar el objeto de la acción) ejerce mucha influencia sobre él, he has a lot of influence on him
    ♦ Locuciones: sobre todo, above all
    sobre- pref super-, over-
    ' sobre' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abalanzarse
    - abatirse
    - absoluta
    - absoluto
    - acometer
    - acumularse
    - advertir
    - alertar
    - antediluviana
    - antediluviano
    - ascendiente
    - ascua
    - aviso
    - cábala
    - caballería
    - carta
    - cerrar
    - charla
    - conferencia
    - conversar
    - copete
    - curso
    - dato
    - derramar
    - descargar
    - desconocimiento
    - deslizarse
    - dictaminar
    - discusión
    - discutir
    - disertar
    - dispar
    - disputar
    - documentación
    - documentarse
    - elevarse
    - en
    - encima
    - encogerse
    - entrañas
    - especialmente
    - estabilizador
    - estabilizadora
    - estándar
    - estimativa
    - estimativo
    - eurócrata
    - extendida
    - extendido
    - fantasma
    English:
    about
    - above
    - act on
    - aerial
    - alive
    - all
    - array
    - article
    - assert
    - background
    - balance
    - basis
    - bear down on
    - bob
    - brain
    - bridge
    - call
    - capital gains tax
    - card
    - cast
    - chiefly
    - client
    - comfortably
    - concise
    - confer
    - consult
    - contention
    - converse
    - credit bureau
    - dab
    - dark
    - deal with
    - debate
    - deduction
    - definition
    - deliberate
    - denunciation
    - develop
    - diary
    - differ
    - discuss
    - dispute
    - disseminate
    - dissertation
    - dive
    - double back
    - dubious
    - enclose
    - enclosure
    - enlarge
    * * *
    sobre1 nm
    1. [para cartas] envelope
    2. [para alimentos, medicamentos] sachet, packet
    3. Fam [cama]
    irse al sobre to hit the sack
    4. Am [bolsa] clutch bag
    5. Urug sobre de dormir sleeping bag
    prep
    1. [encima de] on (top of);
    el libro está sobre la mesa the book is on (top of) the table;
    aún hay nieve sobre las montañas there's still snow on the mountains;
    fui apilando las tejas una sobre otra I piled the tiles up one on top of the other;
    una cruz roja sobre fondo blanco a red cross on o against a white background;
    varios policías saltaron sobre él several policemen fell upon him;
    seguimos sobre su pista we're still on her trail;
    Andes, RP
    sobre la hora: ¿tomamos algo antes de que subas al tren? – imposible, ya estoy sobre la hora shall we have a bite to eat before you catch the train? – I can't, I'm already tight for time;
    llegamos muy sobre la hora we arrived with very little time to spare
    2. [por encima de] over, above;
    el puente sobre la bahía the bridge across o over the bay;
    en estos momentos volamos sobre la isla de Pascua we are currently flying over Easter Island;
    la catedral destaca sobre los demás edificios the cathedral stands out over o above the other buildings;
    a 3.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar 3,000 metres above sea level
    3. [en torno a] on;
    la Tierra gira sobre sí misma the Earth revolves on its own axis
    4. [indica superioridad]
    su opinión está sobre las de los demás his opinion is more important than that of the others;
    5. [indica relación, contraste, efecto]
    tiene muchas ventajas sobre el antiguo modelo it has a lot of advantages over the old model;
    su efecto sobre la quemadura es inmediato its effect on the burn is immediate;
    no tienen influencia sobre ellos they have no influence over them
    6. [acerca de] about, on;
    discuten sobre política they are arguing about politics;
    un libro sobre el amor a book about o on love;
    una conferencia sobre el desarme a conference on disarmament
    7. [aproximadamente] about;
    llegarán sobre las diez/sobre el jueves they'll arrive at about ten o'clock/around Thursday;
    tiene sobre los veinte años she's about twenty;
    los solicitantes deben de ser sobre dos mil there must be about two thousand applicants
    8. [indica acumulación] upon;
    nos contó mentira sobre mentira he told us lie upon lie o one lie after another
    9. [indica inminencia] upon;
    la desgracia estaba ya sobre nosotros the disaster was already upon us
    sobre todo loc adv
    above all;
    afectó sobre todo a la industria turística it particularly affected the tourist industry;
    y, sobre todo, no le digas nada a ella and, above all, don't say anything to her
    * * *
    I m envelope;
    sopa de sobre packet soup
    II prp
    1 on;
    sobre la mesa on the table
    2 ( acerca de)
    :
    sobre esto about this
    3 ( alrededor de)
    :
    sobre las tres around three o’clock
    4
    :
    sobre todo above all, especially
    * * *
    sobre nm
    1) : envelope
    2) : packet
    un sobre de sazón: a packet of seasoning
    sobre prep
    1) : on, on top of
    sobre la mesa: on the table
    2) : over, above
    3) : about
    ¿tiene libros sobre Bolivia?: do you have books on Bolivia?
    4)
    sobre todo : especially, above all
    * * *
    sobre1 n
    1. (para carta) envelope
    2. (envoltorio) packet
    sobre2 prep
    3. (acerca de, alrededor de) about
    sobre todo above all / especially

    Spanish-English dictionary > sobre

  • 8 AT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    1.
    and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is (); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.
    Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.
    WITH DAT.
    A. LOC.
    I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:
    1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.
    2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.
    3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)
    4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.
    5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.
    β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.
    6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.
    β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.
    γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.
    7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.
    β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.
    8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.
    β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.
    II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.
    2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.
    3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:
    α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.
    β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.
    γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.
    4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.
    5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.
    6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.
    β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.
    γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.
    7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.
    B. TEMP.
    I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.
    II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.
    β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.
    III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:
    1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,
    2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.
    IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:
    1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.
    2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.
    3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.
    V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.
    2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.
    C. METAPH. and in various cases:
    I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:
    α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.
    β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.
    II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.
    2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.
    III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.
    IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.
    2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)
    3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.
    4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.
    5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.
    6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.
    β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.
    V. denoting the source of a thing:
    1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.
    2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.
    VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.
    VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.
    VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.
    β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.
    IX. following many words:
    1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.
    β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …
    γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.
    δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.
    2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.
    3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.
    WITH ACC.
    TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.
    ☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.
    2.
    and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.
    I. it is used either,
    1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,
    2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.
    β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).
    3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.
    II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:
    α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.
    β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.
    γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.
    δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.
    ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.
    ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.
    η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.
    θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.
    3.
    and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.
    I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.
    II. it is used,
    1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.
    2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.
    β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.
    γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.
    III. used in connection with conjunctions,
    1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.
    α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yetthough, Lat. attamenetsi, K. Þ. K.
    β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.
    γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.
    2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.
    IV. as a relat. conj.:
    1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.
    2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.
    V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.
    4.
    and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.
    5.
    n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.
    β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.
    6.
    the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

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